causes
type: ObjectProperty
comment: causes relates an entity to another entity whose occurrence or state is directly brought about by it, implying a direct causal relationship.

compensates
type: ObjectProperty
comment: compensates relates an entity to another entity whose negative effect or deficiency is counterbalanced or mitigated by it.

contains
type: ObjectProperty
comment: contains links an entity to another entity that can occur as a kind of that entity in some instances, without implying that the latter is always of the same type as, or a subclass of, the former.

enhances
type: ObjectProperty
comment: enhances relatets an entity to another entity that is improved in the performance, quality, magnitude or level by it.

fills
type: ObjectProperty
comment: fills indicates a mold or cavity whose volume or space is occupied by the material during casting process.

has additive
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It relates a casting material or melt to an additive that is intentionally introduced to modify its processing behavior, microstructure, or properties during casting.

has chemical component
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It relates a casting material or alloy to a chemical element or compound that constitutes its chemical composition in the casting context.

has chemical property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It relates a casting material or alloy to a chemical property that characterizes its chemical behavior or stability during casting or subsequent service.

has cleaness property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It relates a casting material, melt, or casting to a cleanliness-related property that characterizes the presence or absence of inclusions, impurities, or contaminants relevant to casting quality.

has component
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It links an entity to another entity that contributes to its composition or functionality but is not strictly required for its existence.

has constituent
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It links an alloy or casting material to a constituent element or compound that forms part of its overall composition, excluding intentionally added processing additives.

has defect
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It relates a casting material, melt, or casting to an undesired structural, compositional, or surface condition that deviates from intended casting quality requirements.

has flow property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It relates a casting material or melt to a property that characterizes its ability to flow, spread, or fill mold features under casting conditions.

has geometry property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It relates a casting product to a property that describes its shape, dimensional characteristics, or other geometric features relevant to casting design and functionality.

has material property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It relates a casting product to a property that reflects how the chosen material contributes to the product��s functional characteristics under intended service conditions.

has mechanical property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It links a material or casting product to a property describing its resistance to deformation or failure under mechanical loading.

has microstructural feature
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has microstructure property
comment: It is a subproperty of has_microstructure_property which links a material to microscopic scale characteristics like shape, structure.

has microstructural scale
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has microstructure property
comment: It is a subproperty of has_microstructure_property which links a material or casting product to a scale level at which its internal structural features are observed or characterized

has microstructure
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It links a material or casting product to an internal structural constitution formed during solidification or subsequent processing.

has microstructure phase
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It links a material or casting product to a phase that is present within its internal structure as formed during solidification or subsequent processing.

has microstructure property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It links a material or casting product to a property that describes the morphology, distribution, or arrangement of its internal structural features formed during solidification or subsequent processing.

has part
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It links an entity to another entity whose presence is necessary for the former to exist or be considered valid as that entity.

has performance property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It links a material or casting product to a property that reflects how well it fulfills its intended function under specified operating or service conditions.

has thermal parameter
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It links a casting process, material, or mold to a temperature-related parameter that is specified or controlled during casting or solidification.

has thermal property
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It links a material or casting product to a property that describes its response to heat transfer, temperature change, or thermal exposure during casting or service.

affects
type: ObjectProperty
comment: affects links an entity to another entity whose state, property, or behavior is altered by it, without implying direct causation or specifying the mechanism of influence.
label: impacts

isa
type: ObjectProperty
comment: isa links a subclass to a class that it belongs to

measures
type: ObjectProperty
comment: measures links a measurement method, instrument, or procedure to the property or quantity that it is used to determine.

melts
type: ObjectProperty
comment: melts links a solid metal to the liquid state that it transitions into when heated beyond its melting range.

processes
type: ObjectProperty
comment: processes links a casting process to a material or product that undergoes transformation or handling as part of that process.

reacts with
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It links a material or substance to another material or substance with which it undergoes a chemical reaction under casting or processing conditions.

decreases
type: ObjectProperty
comment: reduces relatets an entity to another entity that is lowered in the magnitude or level by it.
label: reduces

requires
type: ObjectProperty
comment: requires links a process, material, or operation to a prerequisite resource, condition, or input that must be available or satisfied for it to be carried out.

resists
type: ObjectProperty
comment: resists links a material or property to a physical, chemical, environmental influence, or defect that it opposes or withstands without undergoing significant degradation.

susceptible to
type: ObjectProperty
comment: It links a material or casting product to a physical, chemical, or environmental influence to which it is prone to degradation, damage, or adverse change under relevant conditions.

treats
type: ObjectProperty
comment: treats links a manufacturing or casting process to a material or casting product to which the process is intentionally applied in order to modify its condition or state.

uses
type: ObjectProperty
comment: uses links a process or operation to a material, tool, equipment, or resource that is employed during its execution, without implying necessity or transformation.

withstands
type: ObjectProperty
comment: withstands links a material or casting product to a load, stress, or environmental condition that it can endure during casting or service without failure or unacceptable loss of functionality.

A319 die cast aluminum alloy
type: Class
subclass of: al si cu alloy
subclass of: al si cu mg alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has chemical component
  some values from: Copper
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: Tensile and deformation behavior
comment: An aluminum-silicon-copper casting alloy designated A319 and commonly used in die casting for automotive and structural components.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Al2Cu intermetallic phase
type: Class
subclass of: microstructure phases
comment: An intermetallic phase composed of aluminum and copper with a fixed stoichiometric ratio of Al-Cu, commonly formed in Al-Cu and Al-Si-Cu alloys.
scope note: Microstructure analysis and solidification studies.

Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy
type: Class
subclass of: ai si based casting alloy
comment: An aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy containing approximately 7 wt.% Si and 0.3 wt.% Mg. used for structural die casting applications.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has additive
  some values from: additives
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has chemical component
  some values from: Strontium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has chemical property
  some values from: corrosion resistance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has constituent
  some values from: alpha al
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: Ductility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has microstructure
  some values from: Microstructure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has microstructure property
  some values from: Microstructure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has thermal property
  some values from: melting temperature
comment: A metallic material composed of two or more chemical elements with at least one being a metal.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Aluminum
type: Class
subclass of: Low melting point metal
subclass of: pure metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has thermal property
  some values from: melting temperature
comment: A lightweight metallic element commonly used as a base material in structural and casting alloys.
alternative label: al
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Aluminum alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Metal alloy
subclass of: Metal structural material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has chemical component
  some values from: Aluminum
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: Mechanical property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has microstructure
  some values from: Microstructure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has microstructure phase
  some values from: alpha al
comment: An alloy in which aluminum is the predominant metallic element.
comment: al_based_alloy
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Aluminum-silicon based alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Aluminum alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: Hardness
comment: An aluminum alloy system where silicon is the dominant alloying element.
alternative label: aluminum_silicon_(al-si)_based_alloy
alternative label: aluminum_silicon_system
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

AM50A magnesium alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Magnesium alloy
comment: A magnesium-aluminum-manganese alloy (approximately 5 wt% Al) widely used for lightweight structural castings due to its good ductility and energy absorption.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

AM60B magnesium alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Magnesium alloy
comment: A magnesium-aluminum-manganese alloy (approximately 6 wt% Al) commonly used in automotive die casting for its higher strength and ductility.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

AZ31B magnesium alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Magnesium alloy
comment: A wrought magnesium alloy containing aluminum and zinc.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

AZ91C magnesium alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Magnesium alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: corrosion resistance
comment: A magnesium-aluminum-zinc alloy used in casting applications.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

AZ91E magnesium alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Magnesium alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has microstructure
  some values from: Microstructure
comment: A corrosion-resistant magnesium casting alloy of the AZ91 series.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Borax
type: Class
subclass of: flux
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: enhances
  some values from: Tensile and yield strength
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: decreases
  some values from: Porosity
comment: A sodium borate compound commonly used as a flux in metallurgical processes.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Cast iron
type: Class
subclass of: Iron-based alloy
subclass of: Metal alloy
subclass of: Metal structural material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has chemical property
  some values from: corrosion resistance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has flow property
  some values from: Fluidity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: Mechanical strength
comment: An iron-carbon alloy with high carbon content commonly used for casting applications.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Castability
type: Class
subclass of: Material property
comment: A material property describing the ease with which a molten metal can be cast into a desired shape.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Casting process
type: Class
subclass of: process
comment: A manufacturing process in which molten metal is poured or injected into a mold and allowed to solidify.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Ceramic material
type: Class
subclass of: Composite material
subclass of: Metal matrix composites
comment: An inorganic non-metallic material typically used for refractory or insulating purposes.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Chemical property
type: Class
subclass of: property
comment: A material property describing chemical behavior such as reactivity or corrosion resistance.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Chill (casting insert)
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Cooling rate
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is part of
  some values from: Mold
comment: A localized cooling insert used in molds to control solidification rates.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Chromite sand
type: Class
subclass of: Foundry sand
subclass of: Green sand molding
comment: A refractory sand material composed mainly of iron chromium oxide used in foundry molds.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Cobalt-based alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Metal alloy
subclass of: Metal structural material
comment: An alloy in which cobalt is the primary metallic component.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

cold crack
type: Class
subclass of: Crack
subclass of: thermal contraction defect
alternative label: cold_tear

cold joint
type: Class
subclass of: Misrun defect
alternative label: cold_shut

cold shot
type: Class
subclass of: filling defects
alternative label: bead

Compo casting process
type: Class
subclass of: Casting process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: processes
  some values from: Composite material
comment: A casting process in which a semi-solid metallic matrix containing both solid and liquid phases is processed, and may incorporate solid reinforcement particles during mold filling.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Composite material
type: Class
subclass of: Material
subclass of: Metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  some values from: Silicon carbide
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has chemical property
  some values from: Wear resistance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: Strength
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has microstructure
  some values from: Microstructure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has thermal property
  some values from: High-temperature performance
comment: A material composed of two or more distinct constituent materials with different properties.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Cooling rate
type: Class
subclass of: Process parameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Microstructural scale
comment: The rate at which temperature decreases during solidification or cooling of a material.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Copper
type: Class
subclass of: pure metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: corrosion resistance
comment: A chemical element with atomic number 29 widely used in alloys and electrical applications.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Copper alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Metal alloy
subclass of: Metal structural material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has chemical component
  some values from: Copper
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: corrosion resistance
comment: An alloy in which copper is the primary metallic component.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Copper mold
type: Class
subclass of: Permanent mold
comment: A mold made primarily of copper or copper alloys, used in casting for its high thermal conductivity and rapid heat extraction.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Core
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is part of
  some values from: Mold
comment: A shaped insert is placed inside a mould cavity to form internal cavities in a casting.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Core material
type: Class
subclass of: Core
comment: A material used to manufacture cores for creating internal features in cast components.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Wear
type: Class
subclass of: corrosion resistance
comment: Material loss or surface damage caused by friction or mechanical interaction.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Chromium
type: Class
subclass of: alloy element
subclass of: chemical composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: enhances
  some values from: corrosion resistance
comment: A chemical element with atomic number 24 and symbol Cr, commonly used as an alloying element to improve corrosion and wear resistance. commonly used as an alloying element to improve corrosion and wear resistance.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Crack
type: Class
subclass of: Defect
comment: A fracture or separation in a material that occurs without complete failure.
alternative label: cracking
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Creep
type: Class
subclass of: microstructure phenomenon
comment: Time-dependent permanent deformation of a material under constant stress at elevated temperature.
scope note: Microstructure analysis and solidification studies.

Creep resistance
type: Class
subclass of: Microstructural property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: resists
  some values from: Creep
comment: The ability of a material to resist deformation due to creep under sustained load and temperature.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Copper
type: Class
subclass of: alloy element
subclass of: chemical composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Hardening rate
comment: A chemical element with atomic number 29 and symbol Cu, widely used for its electrical and thermal conductivity. widely used for its electrical and thermal conductivity.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Damping characteristics
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
comment: Material properties describing the ability to dissipate mechanical vibration energy.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Defect
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
comment: An imperfection or flaw in a material or component that deviates from intended specifications.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Dendrite arm spacing
type: Class
subclass of: Microstructural parameter
comment: A microstructural parameter representing the distance between adjacent dendrite arms in a solidified alloy.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Density
type: Class
subclass of: physical property
comment: The mass per unit volume of a material.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Die casting
type: Class
subclass of: Metal casting
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: processes
  some values from: Aluminum
comment: A metal casting process in which molten metal is injected into a mold under high pressure.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

die spray
type: Class
subclass of: steel mold
alternative label: die_lubricant

Dimensional accuracy
type: Class
subclass of: Geometric property
comment: The degree to which the dimensions of a manufactured part conform to specified values.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Dimensional tolerance
type: Class
subclass of: Geometric property
comment: The allowable variation in a dimension of a manufactured component.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Ductility
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
comment: A mechanical property describing the ability of a material to undergo plastic deformation before fracture.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Durability
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
comment: The ability of a material or component to withstand wear damage or degradation over time.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Electrical property
type: Class
subclass of: physical property
comment: A material property related to electrical behavior such as conductivity or resistivity.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Electromagnetic stirring
type: Class
subclass of: stirring process
comment: A process that uses electromagnetic forces to induce fluid flow in molten metal.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Elongation
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
comment: A measure of plastic deformation expressed as the increase in length before fracture.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Equipment
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
comment: Tools or machinery used in manufacturing or industrial processes.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

excess material
type: Class
subclass of: Geometry defect
alternative label: flash

Fatigue
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
comment: Progressive structural damage that occurs under cyclic or repeated loading.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Iron
type: Class
subclass of: alloy element
subclass of: chemical composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: corrosion resistance
comment: A chemical element with atomic number 26 and symbol Fe
alternative label: iron
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Iron-based alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Metal alloy
subclass of: Metal structural material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has chemical component
  some values from: Iron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has chemical property
  some values from: corrosion resistance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has flow property
  some values from: Fluidity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: Mechanical strength
comment: An alloy in which iron is the principal metallic component.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Filling parameter
type: Class
subclass of: Process parameter
comment: A process parameter that controls mold filling behavior during casting.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Flow rate
type: Class
subclass of: Filling parameter
comment: The volume or mass of fluid passing a point per unit time.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Flowability
type: Class
subclass of: Fluidity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Metal casting
comment: A measure of how easily a molten metal flows under given conditions.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Fluidity
type: Class
subclass of: Castability
comment: A property describing the ability of molten metal to flow and fill a mold cavity.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Foundry sand
type: Class
subclass of: Sand
comment: A granular refractory material used to form molds and cores in metal casting.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Furnace
type: Class
subclass of: Melting equipment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: melts
  some values from: Metal
comment: Industrial equipment used for melting or heating metals.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Gas porosity
type: Class
subclass of: Porosity
comment: A casting defect characterized by voids formed due to trapped gas in solidified metal.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Geometric property
type: Class
subclass of: component property
comment: A property describing the shape or dimensional characteristics of a component.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Geometry defect
type: Class
subclass of: Defect
comment: A defect related to deviations from intended geometric shape or dimensions.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Gravity casting
type: Class
subclass of: Metal casting
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Viscosity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: processes
  some values from: Magnesium alloy
comment: A casting process in which molten metal fills the mold under the force of gravity.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Green sand molding
type: Class
subclass of: Mold
comment: A molding process using moist sand bonded with clay to form molds.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Hardening rate
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
comment: The rate at which a material increases in hardness during cooling or heat treatment.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Hardness
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
comment: A mechanical property describing resistance to indentation or scratching.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Heat resistance
type: Class
subclass of: Material property
comment: The ability of a material to maintain properties when exposed to elevated temperatures.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

High melting point alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Metal alloy
subclass of: Metal structural material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: susceptible to
  some values from: Inclusion
comment: An alloy designed to retain strength and stability at very high temperatures.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

High melting point material
type: Class
subclass of: Material
comment: A material characterized by a very high melting temperature suitable for extreme thermal environments.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

High melting point metal
type: Class
subclass of: Metal
comment: A metal characterized by a very high melting temperature
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

High-pressure die casting
type: Class
subclass of: Die casting
subclass of: Equipment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has defect
  some values from: Hot tear defect
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: processes
  some values from: Low melting point metal
comment: A metal casting process characterized by high-pressure injection of molten metal into a reusable metallic die for high-volume production of dimensionally accurate components.
alternative label: hpdc
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

High-strength steel
type: Class
subclass of: Steel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: requires
  some values from: Mold
comment: A class of steel alloys designed to provide high mechanical strength and load-bearing capacity.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

High-temperature alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Alloy
comment: An alloy designed to retain mechanical strength and stability at elevated temperatures.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

High-temperature performance
type: Class
subclass of: component property
subclass of: performance
comment: The ability of a material to maintain functional properties when exposed to high temperatures.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

High-temperature tensile property
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
comment: Tensile behavior of a material measured at elevated temperature.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Hot tear defect
type: Class
subclass of: Crack
subclass of: thermal contraction defect
comment: A casting defect characterized by cracks formed during the final stages of solidification due to constrained shrinkage.
alternative label: hot_tearing
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Hydrogen
type: Class
subclass of: Material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: visualises
  some values from: bifilm
comment: A chemical element with atomic number 1 that can dissolve in molten metals and influence porosity and cracking.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Hydrogen-induced cracking
type: Class
subclass of: Crack
comment: A cracking mechanism caused by the presence and diffusion of hydrogen within a material.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Impact toughness
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
subclass of: Strength
subclass of: Toughness
comment: A mechanical property describing a material's ability to absorb energy under sudden loading.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Impurity defect
type: Class
subclass of: internal defect
comment: A defect caused by the presence of unwanted foreign elements or compounds in a material.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Inclusion
type: Class
subclass of: Impurity defect
subclass of: internal undesired phases
subclass of: surface undesired surface
comment: A non-metallic or secondary phase particle trapped within a metal matrix.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Inclusion formation
type: Class
subclass of: Impurity defect
comment: The process by which inclusions are generated during melting
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Induction furnace
type: Class
subclass of: Furnace
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: melts
  some values from: Metal
comment: A melting furnace that uses electromagnetic induction to heat and melt metals.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Investment casting
type: Class
subclass of: Metal casting
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: enhances
  some values from: Surface finish
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: processes
  some values from: High melting point material
comment: A precision casting process using a disposable wax pattern and ceramic mold.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

K-type thermocouple
type: Class
subclass of: thermocouple
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: measures
  some values from: casting temperature
comment: A temperature sensor composed of chromel and alumel used for high-temperature measurements. widely used as a base metal in alloys.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

liquid phase
type: Class
subclass of: change of state
alternative label: liquid_metal

Liquidus temperature
type: Class
subclass of: physical property
comment: The temperature at which a material becomes fully liquid upon heating.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Low melting point metal
type: Class
subclass of: Metal
comment: A metal characterized by a relatively low melting temperature
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Machinability
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: processes
  some values from: Mechanical property
comment: A property describing the ease with which a material can be machined to desired dimensions. enabling easy melting and processing.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Macrosegregation
type: Class
subclass of: Segregation
comment: Large-scale chemical inhomogeneity formed during solidification of alloys.
scope note: Microstructure analysis and solidification studies.

Material
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has material entity
  some values from: material entity
comment: A substance or matter from which a component or structure is made.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Material parameter
type: Class
subclass of: Parameter
comment: A quantitative parameter used to describe material behavior or properties.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Material property
type: Class
subclass of: property
comment: A physical chemical or mechanical characteristic of a material.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Matrix alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has composite material
  some values from: Composite material
comment: The continuous alloy phase that forms the matrix in a composite or multiphase material.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Measurement equipment
type: Class
subclass of: Equipment
comment: Devices or instruments used to measure physical or chemical properties.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Mechanical behavior
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
comment: The response of a material to applied forces or deformation.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Mechanical integrity
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
comment: The ability of a material or structure to maintain mechanical performance without failure.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Mechanical property
type: Class
subclass of: Material property
comment: A property describing a material's response to mechanical forces.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Mechanical stirring
type: Class
subclass of: stirring process
comment: A process that induces fluid flow in molten metal through mechanical agitation.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Mechanical strength
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
comment: The ability of a material to withstand applied mechanical stress.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Melt temperature
type: Class
subclass of: physical property
comment: The temperature of a material in its molten state.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Melting equipment
type: Class
subclass of: Equipment
comment: Industrial equipment used for melting metals.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Metal
type: Class
subclass of: Material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: becomes
  some values from: metal in liquid phase
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: fills
  some values from: Mold
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has chemical property
  some values from: corrosion resistance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has cleaness property
  some values from: Purity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has defect
  some values from: Solidification shrinkage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has flow property
  some values from: Fluidity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: Dendrite arm spacing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has thermal property
  some values from: melting temperature
comment: A material composed primarily of metallic elements and characterized by metallic bonding.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Metal alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has chemical component
  some values from: alloy element
comment: A metallic material composed of two or more elements with at least one being a metal.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Metal casting
type: Class
subclass of: Casting process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses
  some values from: Mold
comment: A manufacturing process in which molten metal is shaped by solidification in a mold.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Metal structural material
type: Class
subclass of: Material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: Strength
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has microstructure property
  some values from: Damping characteristics
comment: A metallic material used primarily for load-bearing structural applications.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Magnesium
type: Class
subclass of: alloy element
subclass of: chemical composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Strength
comment: A chemical element with atomic number 12 and symbol Mg commonly used in lightweight alloys.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Mg_Si intermetallic phase
type: Class
subclass of: microstructure phases
comment: An intermetallic phase composed of magnesium and silicon commonly found in Al-Mg-Si alloys.
scope note: Microstructure analysis and solidification studies.

Microsegregation
type: Class
subclass of: Segregation
comment: Chemical composition variation at the microscale caused by non-equilibrium solidification.
scope note: Microstructure analysis and solidification studies.

Microstructural evolution
type: Class
subclass of: Microstructural property
comment: Changes in microstructure occurring during processing or service.
scope note: Microstructure analysis and solidification studies.

Microstructural feature
type: Class
subclass of: Microstructural property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  some values from: Silicon
comment: A distinct structural characteristic observed at the microscopic scale.
scope note: Microstructure analysis and solidification studies.

Microstructural parameter
type: Class
subclass of: Parameter
comment: A quantitative descriptor of microstructural characteristics.
scope note: Microstructure analysis and solidification studies.

Microstructural property
type: Class
subclass of: Material property
comment: A property derived from or associated with microstructural features.
scope note: Microstructure analysis and solidification studies.

Microstructural scale
type: Class
subclass of: Microstructural property
comment: The characteristic size range of microstructural features.
scope note: Microstructure analysis and solidification studies.

Microstructure
type: Class
subclass of: material entity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Ductility
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: contains
  some values from: Silicon
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has microstructure defect
  some values from: Microstructural defect
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has microstructure phase
  some values from: microstructure phases
comment: The arrangement and distribution of phases and features within a material at the microscopic level.
scope note: Microstructure analysis and solidification studies.

Microstructural defect
type: Class
subclass of: internal defect
comment: A defect or imperfection present at the microstructural scale.
scope note: Microstructure analysis and solidification studies.

Misrun defect
type: Class
subclass of: filling defects
comment: A casting defect caused by incomplete filling of the mold cavity.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Metal matrix composites
type: Class
subclass of: Composite material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: Stiffness
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has microstructure
  some values from: Microstructure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has thermal performance
  some values from: High-temperature performance
comment: A class of composite materials with a metallic matrix and reinforcement.
alternative label: mmc
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Manganese
type: Class
subclass of: alloy element
subclass of: chemical composition
comment: A chemical element with atomic number 25 commonly used as an alloying element.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Molybdenum
type: Class
subclass of: alloy element
subclass of: chemical composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: enhances
  some values from: corrosion resistance
comment: A chemical element with atomic number 42 and symbol Mo commonly used to improve high-temperature strength in alloys.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Mold
type: Class
subclass of: Equipment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Surface finish
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has component
  some values from: Riser
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has defect
  some values from: Mold erosion
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: Tolerance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Shrinkage porosity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: reacts with
  some values from: Metal
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: withstands
  some values from: Temperature
comment: A cavity or form used to shape molten material during solidification.
comment: die
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Mold alignment pin
type: Class
subclass of: steel mold
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: causes
  some values from: Mold shift
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Mold shift
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is part of
  some values from: Mold
comment: A mechanical component used to ensure accurate alignment of mold halves.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Mold defect
type: Class
subclass of: Defect
comment: A defect originating from mold design condition or degradation that affects casting quality.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Mold erosion
type: Class
subclass of: Mold defect
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: causes
  some values from: Inclusion
comment: Progressive wear or material loss from the mold surface due to thermal mechanical or chemical effects.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Mold shift
type: Class
subclass of: Mold defect
comment: A casting defect caused by misalignment of mold halves during pouring or solidification.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Mold temperature
type: Class
subclass of: Process parameter
comment: The temperature of the mold at the time of metal pouring or solidification.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Sodium
type: Class
subclass of: chemical composition
subclass of: modification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Microstructure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: enhances
  some values from: Strength
comment: A chemical element with atomic number 11 and symbol Na sometimes used as a modifier in aluminum alloys.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Nickel-based superalloy
type: Class
subclass of: Metal alloy
subclass of: Metal structural material
comment: A high-performance alloy based on nickel designed for extreme temperature and stress conditions.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Olivine sand
type: Class
subclass of: Foundry sand
subclass of: Green sand molding
comment: A refractory molding sand composed primarily of magnesium iron silicate used in foundry applications.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Oxidation
type: Class
subclass of: Impurity defect
comment: A chemical reaction in which a material reacts with oxygen often leading to surface degradation.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Parameter
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
comment: A variable or measurable quantity that influences a process material or system.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Permanent mold
type: Class
subclass of: Mold
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: resists
  some values from: Wear
comment: A reusable metal mold used for casting non-ferrous alloys.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Plastic deformation behavior
type: Class
subclass of: Geometric property
comment: The manner in which a material undergoes permanent deformation under applied stress.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Porosity
type: Class
subclass of: Void
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Tensile and yield strength
comment: The presence of voids or pores within a material or casting.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Pouring rate
type: Class
subclass of: Process parameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Porosity
comment: The rate at which molten metal is introduced into a mold.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Pouring speed
type: Class
subclass of: Process parameter
comment: The velocity at which molten metal flows during pouring.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Pouring temperature
type: Class
subclass of: Process parameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Misrun defect
comment: The temperature of molten metal at the moment it is poured into the mold.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Pouring time
type: Class
subclass of: Time
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Macrosegregation
comment: The duration over which molten metal is poured into a mold.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Powder metallurgy
type: Class
subclass of: process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: processes
  some values from: Metal matrix composites
comment: A manufacturing process involving the compaction and sintering of metal powders.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Process parameter
type: Class
subclass of: Parameter
comment: A controllable variable that influences the outcome of a manufacturing process.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Purity
type: Class
subclass of: Chemical property
comment: The degree to which a material is free from impurities or unwanted elements.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Rheocasting
type: Class
subclass of: Semisolid casting
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Mechanical stirring
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: processes
  some values from: Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy
comment: A semisolid casting process in which slurry with solid and liquid phases is injected into a mold.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

RheoMetal process
type: Class
subclass of: hybrid processing
comment: A proprietary semisolid metal processing method using controlled slurry generation.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Riser
type: Class
subclass of: Thing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: compensates
  some values from: Solidification shrinkage
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: is part of
  some values from: Green sand molding
comment: A reservoir of molten metal designed to compensate for shrinkage during solidification.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Room temperature tensile property
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
comment: Tensile mechanical properties measured at ambient temperature.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Surface roughness
type: Class
subclass of: surface property
comment: A measure of surface texture characterized by microscopic deviations.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Sand
type: Class
subclass of: Material
comment: A granular material used to form molds or cores in casting processes.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Sand casting
type: Class
subclass of: Metal casting
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: corrosion resistance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: processes
  some values from: High melting point material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: uses
  some values from: Chill (casting insert)
comment: A casting process that uses sand molds to shape molten metal.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Sand inclusion
type: Class
subclass of: Inclusion
comment: A casting defect caused by entrapped sand particles in solidified metal.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Segregation
type: Class
subclass of: Defect
comment: Non-uniform distribution of alloying elements during solidification.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Semisolid casting
type: Class
subclass of: rheo processing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: enhances
  some values from: Mechanical property
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: processes
  some values from: Metal alloy
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: decreases
  some values from: Porosity
comment: A casting process performed with metal in a partially solid and partially liquid state.
alternative label: semisolid_metal_(ssm)_processing
alternative label: ssm_processing
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Semisolid rheoforming
type: Class
subclass of: rheo processing
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: processes
  some values from: Magnesium alloy
comment: A forming process using semisolid metal slurry shaped under pressure.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Melting furnace
type: Class
subclass of: Furnace
comment: A furnace specifically designed to melt metals or alloys.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Shrinkage
type: Class
subclass of: Void
comment: Volume reduction occurring during solidification or cooling of metal.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Shrinkage porosity
type: Class
subclass of: Porosity
subclass of: Solidification shrinkage
comment: Porosity formed due to insufficient liquid metal feeding during solidification.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Silicon
type: Class
subclass of: alloy element
subclass of: chemical composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Strength
comment: A chemical element with atomic number 14 used extensively in casting alloys.
alternative label: silicon
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Silicon carbide
type: Class
subclass of: Metal matrix composites
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has part
  some values from: Silicon
comment: A ceramic compound of silicon and carbon used as a reinforcement or refractory material.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Silicon carbide distribution
type: Class
subclass of: microstructure feature
comment: The spatial distribution of silicon carbide particles within a material.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Silica sand
type: Class
subclass of: Foundry sand
subclass of: Green sand molding
comment: A molding sand composed primarily of silicon dioxide used in foundry molds.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Viscosity
type: Class
subclass of: Filling parameter
comment: A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Rate of solidification
type: Class
subclass of: Microstructural parameter
subclass of: Thermal parameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Microstructure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Secondary dendrite arm spacing
comment: The speed at which a liquid metal transforms into solid.
comment: The speed at which molten metal transforms into solid during cooling.
label: Solidification rate
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Solidification shrinkage
type: Class
subclass of: Shrinkage
comment: Volume contraction occurring as metal solidifies.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Squeeze casting
type: Class
subclass of: Die casting
subclass of: Equipment
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Viscosity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: processes
  some values from: Metal
comment: A casting process combining casting and forging by applying pressure during solidification.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Strontium
type: Class
subclass of: alloy element
subclass of: chemical composition
subclass of: modification
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Microstructure
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: enhances
  some values from: Strength
comment: A chemical element with atomic number 38 commonly used as a modifier in aluminum-silicon alloys.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Stainless steel
type: Class
subclass of: Metal alloy
subclass of: Metal structural material
subclass of: Steel
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: corrosion resistance
comment: A steel alloy containing chromium that provides corrosion resistance.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Steel
type: Class
subclass of: Metal alloy
subclass of: Metal structural material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has chemical component
  some values from: Iron
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has defect
  some values from: Shrinkage porosity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has material property
  some values from: Density
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has thermal parameter
  some values from: casting temperature
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has thermal property
  some values from: melting temperature
comment: An iron-based alloy primarily containing carbon and other alloying elements.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Steel casting
type: Class
subclass of: Casting process
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has defect
  some values from: Hydrogen-induced cracking
comment: A casting process in which molten steel is poured into molds to form components.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Stiffness
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
comment: A mechanical property describing resistance to elastic deformation.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Stir casting
type: Class
subclass of: Metal casting
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: processes
  some values from: Metal matrix composites
comment: A composite casting process involving mechanical stirring of molten metal with reinforcements.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Stirring speed
type: Class
subclass of: Process parameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Microstructure
comment: The rotational speed applied during mechanical or electromagnetic stirring.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Stirring time
type: Class
subclass of: Time
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Viscosity
comment: The duration for which stirring is applied during processing.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Strain rate
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
comment: The rate at which deformation occurs in a material under load.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Strength
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
comment: A mechanical property describing resistance to applied forces.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Strength-to-weight ratio
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
comment: A performance metric describing the ratio of a material's mechanical strength to its density.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Stress concentration
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
comment: The localized increase in stress around geometric discontinuities such as notches or holes.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Structural integrity
type: Class
subclass of: Geometric property
comment: The ability of a structure or component to withstand applied loads without failure.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Subsurface blister
type: Class
subclass of: Porosity
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Mechanical property
comment: A defect characterized by gas-filled cavities located beneath the surface of a casting.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Surface finish
type: Class
subclass of: Geometric property
comment: The texture and quality of a material surface resulting from a manufacturing process.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Temperature
type: Class
subclass of: Thermal parameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Microstructure
comment: A physical quantity representing the thermal state of a material or system.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Molten metal temperature
type: Class
subclass of: Thermal parameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Viscosity of molten metal
comment: The temperature of metal in its fully liquid state during processing.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Tensile and deformation behavior
type: Class
subclass of: Geometric property
comment: The response of a material to tensile loading and associated deformation.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Tensile behavior
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
comment: The manner in which a material responds to uniaxial tensile loading.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Tensile property
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
comment: A mechanical property related to material response under tensile stress.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Tensile and yield strength
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
subclass of: Strength
comment: Mechanical properties describing maximum tensile stress and the onset of plastic deformation.
comment: The maximum stress a material can withstand under tension before fracture.
label: Tensile strength
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Thermal conductivity
type: Class
subclass of: physical property
comment: A physical property describing a material's ability to conduct heat.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Thermal creep deformation
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
comment: Time-dependent deformation occurring under stress at elevated temperature.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Thermal fatigue
type: Class
subclass of: Fatigue
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: causes
  some values from: Crack
comment: Damage accumulation caused by cyclic thermal loading and temperature fluctuations.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Thermal fatigue resistance
type: Class
subclass of: Strength
comment: The ability of a material to resist damage caused by thermal fatigue.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Thermal parameter
type: Class
subclass of: Parameter
comment: A parameter describing thermal conditions such as temperature heat flux or cooling rate.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Thermal property
type: Class
subclass of: property
comment: A material property related to heat transfer or thermal response.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Thixocasting
type: Class
subclass of: thixo processing
comment: A semisolid metal casting process utilizing thixotropic behavior of partially solidified alloys.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Titanium
type: Class
subclass of: alloy element
subclass of: chemical composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: enhances
  some values from: High-temperature tensile property
comment: A chemical element with atomic number 22 and symbol Ti widely used in high-strength lightweight alloys.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Time
type: Class
subclass of: Process parameter
comment: A physical quantity representing the duration of an event or process.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Tolerance
type: Class
subclass of: Parameter
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: constrains
  some values from: Process parameter
comment: The allowable variation in a specified dimension or property.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Toughness
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
comment: A mechanical property describing a material's ability to absorb energy before fracture.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Twin-roll casting
type: Class
subclass of: Metal casting
subclass of: Semisolid casting
comment: A continuous casting process in which molten metal solidifies between two rotating rolls.
scope note: Foundry and metal manufacturing processes.

Vanadium
type: Class
subclass of: alloy element
subclass of: chemical composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: enhances
  some values from: High-temperature tensile property
comment: A chemical element with atomic number 23 commonly used as an alloying element to improve strength.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Viscosity of molten metal
type: Class
subclass of: physical property
comment: The resistance to flow exhibited by metal in its liquid state.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Void
type: Class
subclass of: Defect
comment: An empty cavity or unfilled region within a material or casting.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Warping
type: Class
subclass of: Geometry defect
comment: Distortion of a component caused by uneven cooling or residual stresses.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Wear resistance
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
comment: The ability of a material to resist material loss due to wear.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Zinc
type: Class
subclass of: Low melting point metal
subclass of: pure metal
comment: A chemical element with atomic number 30 commonly used in galvanizing and casting alloys.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Zinc alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Metal alloy
subclass of: Metal structural material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has chemical component
  some values from: Zinc
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: processes
  some values from: Die casting
comment: An alloy in which zinc is the primary metallic component.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Zircon sand
type: Class
subclass of: Foundry sand
subclass of: Green sand molding
comment: A naturally occurring mineral material primarily composed of zirconium silicate (ZrSiO?), commonly used as a refractory material mold additive and grain refiner in metal casting processes.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Zirconium
type: Class
subclass of: alloy element
subclass of: chemical composition
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: enhances
  some values from: Tensile and yield strength
comment: A chemical element with atomic number 40 and symbol Zr used as an alloying element and grain refiner.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Magnesium alloy
type: Class
subclass of: Metal alloy
subclass of: Metal structural material
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has chemical component
  some values from: Magnesium
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has chemical property
  some values from: Creep resistance
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has mechanical property
  some values from: Stiffness
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: has microstructure property
  some values from: Damping characteristics
comment: An alloy in which magnesium is the primary metallic component.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.

Secondary dendrite arm spacing
type: Class
subclass of: Microstructural feature
subclass of: Microstructural parameter
subclass of: Microstructural scale
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: affects
  some values from: Tensile property
comment: The average distance between secondary dendrite arms used as a microstructural parameter.
scope note: Microstructure analysis and solidification studies.

Yield strength (proof stress)
type: Class
subclass of: Mechanical property
comment: The stress at which a material begins to undergo permanent plastic deformation.
scope note: Metal casting and materials engineering domain.